European Stock Exchange

    European Stock Exchange

    The Bridge Between Crowdfunding and Regulation

    The European Stock Exchange - It's Time to Think Different

    To make better decisions find people to argue with

    All the participants in Nesta’s event At The Roots of Collective Intelligence agreed that groups are better at reasoning than individuals. This may come as a surprise, but a wealth of studies show that argumentation works well.

    Give people a tricky reasoning problem to complete, and most will fail. Let them talk with each other, and soon all will agree on the right answer.

    Ask experts to make predictions, and most will be widely off the mark. Let them exchange arguments and their accuracy will improve dramatically. Probe citizens’ views on policy, and you will find that most are uninformed or misinformed. Get the same citizens to discuss the same issues with each other, and they will become more enlightened.

    Provided some simple conditions are met—the presence of disagreement, the freedom to voice one’s opinion—argumentation consistently improves on individual reasoning. It does so by turning the flaws of individual reasoning into strengths. Individual reasoners mostly find arguments that support their preconceived beliefs. They do not examine critically their own reasons. When people reason on their own, they often become more confident and opinionated. By contrast, in a discussion, people are forced to contend with arguments for other points of view. Their poorly examined reasons are shot down. They are forced to think of better arguments.

    In the end the best arguments tend to carry the day—and the best arguments tend to support the best answer.

    Particularly critical to the success of argumentation is the back and forth of discussion. People start the discussion with relatively weak, generic arguments. Counter-arguments are raised. Counter-arguments are addressed. Argument quality improves. Even when the arguments are as clear cut, demonstrative as they come—logical or mathematical arguments—people are much more likely to be convinced in the course of a discussion than by exposition to a single argument.

    This raises the issue of scaling up. Argumentation works best in groups of four individuals or fewer, when the back and forth of the discussion flows seamlessly. In such a context, the best ideas are most likely to spread. How do we scale this up to reach hundreds, thousands, millions of people?

    Take vaccine hesitancy as an example. Giving vaccine hesitant people a message that support vaccination typically has little effect. By contrast, discussions with experts can address many of their concerns. Unfortunately, there aren’t enough experts to speak to each vaccine hesitant individual. How can we make sure more people get to argue their ideas with different minded interlocutors so as to ensure that better ideas are spread and adopted? This is a particularly critical question in the light of the debates on the relative homogeneity of friend composition in social media networks.

    Collective Intelligence platforms such as Liquid Feedback, Assembl or DemocracyOS which include tools for tracking discussions, are implicitly trying to address this issue by making all threads more visible and traceable. The arguments and counterarguments produced by the participants become accessible and contribute to the deliberative process. While these discussion threads do not always contain all of the possible arguments, they do tend to provide multiple points of view that as we saw above contribute to better decision making.

    - See more


    Featured Posts

    KPMG - The Pulse of Fintech Q4, 2106

    China: WeiyangX Fintech Review

    The Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, Monash Business School & Tsinghua University, Join

    From cancer treatment to restaurant openings - how crowdfunding turned us all into investors.

    Ram Ahluwalia of PeerIQ Shares the Future of Online Lending

    How Crowdfunding Took On Private Equity And Won

    Brexit slowdown? There's been a 'large-scale drop' in UK startup funding for the first t

    Innovate Finance Report on VC Investment into Fintech: Up Globally, Down in the UK

    Brexit bites UK fintech as funding falls by 34% in 2016

    Germany: Investment Crowdfunding Grew by 39% in 2016

    {"items":["5fda4b180abcba0017a07b13","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b1b","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b1a","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b19","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b1c","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b17","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b16","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b18","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b15","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b14"],"styles":{"galleryType":"Strips","groupSize":1,"showArrows":true,"cubeImages":true,"cubeType":"fill","cubeRatio":"100%/100%","isVertical":false,"gallerySize":30,"collageDensity":0.8,"groupTypes":"1","oneRow":true,"imageMargin":0,"galleryMargin":0,"scatter":0,"rotatingScatter":"","chooseBestGroup":true,"smartCrop":false,"hasThumbnails":false,"enableScroll":true,"isGrid":false,"isSlider":false,"isColumns":false,"isSlideshow":true,"cropOnlyFill":false,"fixedColumns":1,"enableInfiniteScroll":true,"isRTL":false,"minItemSize":120,"rotatingGroupTypes":"","rotatingCropRatios":"","columnWidths":"","gallerySliderImageRatio":1.7777777777777777,"numberOfImagesPerRow":3,"numberOfImagesPerCol":1,"groupsPerStrip":0,"borderRadius":0,"boxShadow":0,"gridStyle":0,"mobilePanorama":false,"placeGroupsLtr":false,"viewMode":"preview","thumbnailSpacings":4,"galleryThumbnailsAlignment":"bottom","isMasonry":false,"isAutoSlideshow":true,"slideshowLoop":false,"autoSlideshowInterval":3,"bottomInfoHeight":0,"titlePlacement":"SHOW_ON_HOVER","galleryTextAlign":"center","scrollSnap":true,"itemClick":"nothing","fullscreen":true,"videoPlay":"hover","scrollAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","slideAnimation":"SCROLL","scrollDirection":1,"scrollDuration":400,"overlayAnimation":"FADE_IN","arrowsPosition":0,"arrowsSize":18,"watermarkOpacity":40,"watermarkSize":40,"useWatermark":true,"watermarkDock":{"top":"auto","left":"auto","right":0,"bottom":0,"transform":"translate3d(0,0,0)"},"loadMoreAmount":"all","defaultShowInfoExpand":1,"allowLinkExpand":true,"expandInfoPosition":0,"allowFullscreenExpand":true,"fullscreenLoop":false,"galleryAlignExpand":"left","addToCartBorderWidth":1,"addToCartButtonText":"","slideshowInfoSize":160,"playButtonForAutoSlideShow":false,"allowSlideshowCounter":false,"hoveringBehaviour":"NEVER_SHOW","thumbnailSize":120,"magicLayoutSeed":1,"imageHoverAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","imagePlacementAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","calculateTextBoxWidthMode":"PERCENT","textBoxHeight":0,"textBoxWidth":200,"textBoxWidthPercent":50,"textImageSpace":10,"textBoxBorderRadius":0,"textBoxBorderWidth":0,"loadMoreButtonText":"","loadMoreButtonBorderWidth":1,"loadMoreButtonBorderRadius":0,"imageInfoType":"ATTACHED_BACKGROUND","itemBorderWidth":0,"itemBorderRadius":0,"itemEnableShadow":false,"itemShadowBlur":20,"itemShadowDirection":135,"itemShadowSize":10,"imageLoadingMode":"BLUR","expandAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","imageQuality":90,"usmToggle":false,"usm_a":0,"usm_r":0,"usm_t":0,"videoSound":false,"videoSpeed":"1","videoLoop":true,"jsonStyleParams":"","gallerySizeType":"px","gallerySizePx":226,"allowTitle":true,"allowContextMenu":true,"textsHorizontalPadding":-30,"showVideoPlayButton":true,"galleryLayout":5,"targetItemSize":226,"selectedLayout":"5|bottom|1|fill|false|1|true","layoutsVersion":2,"selectedLayoutV2":5,"isSlideshowFont":true,"externalInfoHeight":0,"externalInfoWidth":0},"container":{"width":226,"height":288,"galleryWidth":226,"galleryHeight":127,"scrollBase":0}}
    Recent Posts

    KPMG - The Pulse of Fintech Q4, 2106

    China: WeiyangX Fintech Review

    The Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, Monash Business School & Tsinghua University, Join

    From cancer treatment to restaurant openings - how crowdfunding turned us all into investors.

    Ram Ahluwalia of PeerIQ Shares the Future of Online Lending

    How Crowdfunding Took On Private Equity And Won

    Brexit slowdown? There's been a 'large-scale drop' in UK startup funding for the first t

    Innovate Finance Report on VC Investment into Fintech: Up Globally, Down in the UK

    Brexit bites UK fintech as funding falls by 34% in 2016

    Germany: Investment Crowdfunding Grew by 39% in 2016

    {"items":["5fda4b180abcba0017a07b13","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b1b","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b1a","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b19","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b1c","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b17","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b16","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b18","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b15","5fda4b180abcba0017a07b14"],"styles":{"galleryType":"Columns","groupSize":1,"showArrows":true,"cubeImages":true,"cubeType":"max","cubeRatio":1.7777777777777777,"isVertical":true,"gallerySize":30,"collageAmount":0,"collageDensity":0,"groupTypes":"1","oneRow":false,"imageMargin":22,"galleryMargin":0,"scatter":0,"rotatingScatter":"","chooseBestGroup":true,"smartCrop":false,"hasThumbnails":false,"enableScroll":true,"isGrid":true,"isSlider":false,"isColumns":false,"isSlideshow":false,"cropOnlyFill":false,"fixedColumns":0,"enableInfiniteScroll":true,"isRTL":false,"minItemSize":50,"rotatingGroupTypes":"","rotatingCropRatios":"","columnWidths":"","gallerySliderImageRatio":1.7777777777777777,"numberOfImagesPerRow":3,"numberOfImagesPerCol":1,"groupsPerStrip":0,"borderRadius":0,"boxShadow":0,"gridStyle":0,"mobilePanorama":false,"placeGroupsLtr":false,"viewMode":"preview","thumbnailSpacings":4,"galleryThumbnailsAlignment":"bottom","isMasonry":false,"isAutoSlideshow":false,"slideshowLoop":false,"autoSlideshowInterval":4,"bottomInfoHeight":0,"titlePlacement":["SHOW_ON_THE_RIGHT","SHOW_BELOW"],"galleryTextAlign":"center","scrollSnap":false,"itemClick":"nothing","fullscreen":true,"videoPlay":"hover","scrollAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","slideAnimation":"SCROLL","scrollDirection":0,"scrollDuration":400,"overlayAnimation":"FADE_IN","arrowsPosition":0,"arrowsSize":23,"watermarkOpacity":40,"watermarkSize":40,"useWatermark":true,"watermarkDock":{"top":"auto","left":"auto","right":0,"bottom":0,"transform":"translate3d(0,0,0)"},"loadMoreAmount":"all","defaultShowInfoExpand":1,"allowLinkExpand":true,"expandInfoPosition":0,"allowFullscreenExpand":true,"fullscreenLoop":false,"galleryAlignExpand":"left","addToCartBorderWidth":1,"addToCartButtonText":"","slideshowInfoSize":200,"playButtonForAutoSlideShow":false,"allowSlideshowCounter":false,"hoveringBehaviour":"NEVER_SHOW","thumbnailSize":120,"magicLayoutSeed":1,"imageHoverAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","imagePlacementAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","calculateTextBoxWidthMode":"PERCENT","textBoxHeight":60,"textBoxWidth":200,"textBoxWidthPercent":75,"textImageSpace":10,"textBoxBorderRadius":0,"textBoxBorderWidth":0,"loadMoreButtonText":"","loadMoreButtonBorderWidth":1,"loadMoreButtonBorderRadius":0,"imageInfoType":"ATTACHED_BACKGROUND","itemBorderWidth":0,"itemBorderRadius":0,"itemEnableShadow":false,"itemShadowBlur":20,"itemShadowDirection":135,"itemShadowSize":10,"imageLoadingMode":"BLUR","expandAnimation":"NO_EFFECT","imageQuality":90,"usmToggle":false,"usm_a":0,"usm_r":0,"usm_t":0,"videoSound":false,"videoSpeed":"1","videoLoop":true,"jsonStyleParams":"","gallerySizeType":"px","gallerySizePx":1000,"allowTitle":true,"allowContextMenu":true,"textsHorizontalPadding":-30,"itemBorderColor":{"themeName":"color_12","value":"rgba(78,78,78,0)"},"showVideoPlayButton":true,"galleryLayout":2,"calculateTextBoxHeightMode":"MANUAL","targetItemSize":1000,"selectedLayout":"2|bottom|1|max|true|0|true","layoutsVersion":2,"selectedLayoutV2":2,"isSlideshowFont":true,"externalInfoHeight":60,"externalInfoWidth":0.75},"container":{"width":220,"galleryWidth":242,"galleryHeight":0,"scrollBase":0,"height":null}}
    • February 2017 (11)
    • January 2017 (2)
    • November 2016 (10)
    • October 2016 (4)
    • August 2016 (1)
    • July 2016 (5)
    • June 2016 (8)
    • May 2016 (10)
    • April 2016 (19)
    • March 2016 (19)
    • February 2016 (11)
    • January 2016 (12)
    • December 2015 (1)
    • November 2015 (9)
    • October 2015 (10)
    • September 2015 (12)
    • August 2015 (19)
    • July 2015 (6)
    • June 2015 (3)
    • May 2015 (2)
    • March 2015 (2)
    • February 2015 (1)
    • January 2015 (1)
    • August 2014 (13)
    • June 2014 (1)
    • April 2014 (1)
    • March 2014 (1)
    • May 2013 (2)
    Archive
    Follow Us
    • Facebook Basic Square
    • Twitter Basic Square
    • Google+ Basic Square
    • Home

    • Listings

    • How it Works

    • News

    • Guide to ESE

    • Apply for Listing

    • Investor Registration

    • Contact

    • T&C

    • Privacy Policy

    • Regulation

    • Company Login

    • Investor Login

    • Help

    • More

      Investor Login
      Company Login

       

      © 2015 European Stock Exchange Group

       

      ESE is not regulated by any investment authority and does not broker and or arrange any transactions that require regulation. We do not trade stock or offer any advice whatsoever. Whilst we take reasonable care to ensure that information on the site is clear, fair and not misleading we do not provide any guarantee, warranty or representation as to its accuracy or completeness. The content of this website does not constitute or form part of any offer by ESE to enter into any contract or agreement nor is it a solicitation to buy or sell any investment.  This website should not be regarded as an offer or solicitation to conduct investment business, as defined by the UK Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 in any jurisdiction other than the United Kingdom. Investors who are resident in or citizens of countries other than the United Kingdom may be subject to local restrictions. This will also apply to all other jurisdictions where similar restrictions exist.  Please note that the value of investments and the income from them may fluctuate and you may not receive back the amount originally invested. Past performance is no guarantee of future performance. Currency movements may also affect the value of investments. The investments and investment services referred to on this website may not be suitable for all investors. If you are unsure as to whether the investments described in this site are suitable for you we recommend you seek professional advice from a financial adviser. ESE may not provide financial, investment or other professional advice to retail clients. Nothing on this site should be interpreted as constituting financial advice. ESE is a platform and does not arrange or raise capital for any companies listed on the platform.

      YOU SHOULD OBTAIN RELEVANT PROFESSIONAL ADVICE SPECIFIC TO YOUR CIRCUMSTANCES BEFORE MAKING ANY INVESTMENT DECISION.

      List with Us

       

      Register as an Investor

       

      Collaborate with Us

       

      Our Charter

       

      Jobs

       

      Reports

      Tools

       

      Partners

       

      The Power of PR and News

       

      Information Packs and Fee Paying

       

      Report a fault with one of our pages

       

      Features 

       

      Social 

      News

       

      The Power of Research

       

      History of Stock Exchanges

       

      Investor Certificates

       

      Investor Seats on ESE

       

      The ESE Fund

       

      Reverse Private Equity

       

      ISA Allowances 2014/2015

       

      Investor Portfolio

       

      Ticker Tape Rules 

       

      Verified by ESE

       

      V

       

      Contact

       

      Privacy Policy

       

      General Terms and Conditions

       

      Terms for Listing Companies

       

      Regulation                           *